Hernia Surgery

A hernia is the protrusion (bulge) of abdominal organs through a weakened part of the abdominal wall. A hernia does not improve on its own and does not go away with time (except very small congenital umbilical hernias in infants). In most cases, it gradually becomes bigger over time.

Causes of Hernia

Common causes of hernia in adults include:

• Heavy weight lifting
• Chronic cough
• Straining during urination or constipation
• Obesity
• Weak abdominal wall muscles

Types of Hernia

The most common types of hernias occur at:

• The groin (inguinal hernia)
• The belly button (umbilical hernia)
• The site of a previous surgery (incisional hernia)
• Other types also exist but are rare.

Symptoms

• A visible bulge under the skin, usually noticed while standing or straining, often around the navel or groin area
• Pain is not always present initially, but as the hernia increases in size, it may cause discomfort
• In some cases, the hernia can become strangulated (trapped), leading to a serious condition that requires emergency surgery

Treatment

Surgery is the only effective treatment for hernia. It can be done in two ways:

• Open Surgery – Involves a larger incision to repair the hernia
• Laparoscopic Surgery – A minimally invasive keyhole surgery with small cuts

Nowadays, more patients prefer laparoscopic surgery due to its advantages:

• Smaller incisions
• Faster recovery
• Less post-operative pain
• Larger mesh placement, reducing the risk of recurrence

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