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Difference Between Piles, Fissure & Fistula

Anorectal problems are more common than you think, and many people often confuse between piles, fissures, and fistulas due to similar symptoms like pain, discomfort, and bleeding. However, these are three distinct conditions, and understanding the difference is key to seeking the right treatment at the right time.

1. Piles (Hemorrhoids)

What it is:

Piles are swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum or anus, similar to varicose veins. They can be internal (inside the rectum) or external (outside the anal opening).

    Symptoms:

    • Painless bleeding during bowel movements
    • Swelling or lump near the anus
    • Itching or irritation
    • Mucus discharge (in some cases)

    Causes:

    • Chronic constipation
    • Straining while passing stool
    • Sitting for long periods on the toilet
    • Pregnancy

    2. Anal Fissure

    What it is:

    An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anal canal, usually caused by passing hard stools.

      Symptoms:

      • Sharp, burning pain during or after passing stool
      • Small amount of bright red blood on the stool or tissue
      • Spasm of the anal muscles
      • Feeling of incomplete evacuation

      Causes:

      • Hard or large stools
      • Chronic constipation or diarrhea
      • Inflammatory bowel diseases

      Anal Fistula

      What it is:

      A fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection between the anal canal and the skin near the anus. It usually develops due to an infection or abscess in the anal glands.

      Symptoms:

      • Persistent pain or swelling near the anus
      • Pus or foul-smelling discharge
      • Recurring abscesses
      • Skin irritation or redness

      Causes:

      • Untreated anal abscess
      • Crohn’s disease
      • Tuberculosis (rare)
      • Previous anal surgeries or trauma

      When to Consult a Doctor?

      If you experience:
      • Repeated pain while passing stool
      • Blood in stool
      • Pus or discharge from anal region
      • Swelling or lump around the anus

      Don’t ignore the signs. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications.

      Dr. Vineet Kini, Consultant General, Laparoscopic & Laser Surgeon, offers painless and effective laser treatments for piles, fissures, and fistulas. With minimal discomfort and faster recovery, you can return to normal life quickly and safely.
      Book your consultation today to get the right diagnosis and expert care.